During the days of blood donation, who wants to can have their blood of HLA typing for bone marrow donation.
Here are some basic information.
How to become bone marrow donors? To become
bone marrow donor you must report, without a medical prescription, a service center donors who joined the project, to submit to a sample of blood (as in a normal analysis). The Donor Center will sign the accession to the Italian Registry of Bone Marrow Donors.
The analysis results will then be inserted into an electronic archive maintained at the regional and national levels. Later, at an initial finding of compatibility with a patient, the donor will be asked to draw down, more blood, to define better the level of compatibility.
At this point also comes into play the "seriousness" of the donor: the initial bond signed at the first sampling only has moral value, and last until the potential donor can withdraw (with what consequences for all who are involved in the program and hopes of the patient and his family you can imagine).
All this makes clear that the donor bone marrow donor is a non-standard, which offers its willingness, in the rare case of compatibility with a patient, to submit, to the nearest authorized service center, draw, although that has no annoying health consequences. His availability, free and anonymous and has no geographical boundaries, is, in fact, a part of all donors around the world.
Si deve anche sottolineare che, il più delle volte, il donatore selezionato è l'unico al mondo a essere compatibile con quel malato.
Chi può candidarsi come donatore di midollo osseo?
Qualunque individuo di età compresa tra i 18 anni (per motivi legali) e preferibilmente i 35 anni, che abbia un peso corporeo superiore ai 50 kg, può essere un donatore di CSE purché, ovviamente, non sia affetto da malattie del sangue, da malattie croniche gravi o da altri gravi forme infettive (AIDS, epatite, ecc.). La disponibilità del donatore resta valida fino al raggiungimento dei 55 anni (per motivi clinici).
Il donatore di CSE è uno dei few donors that when called to account for their availability, has the confidence to contribute to the effort to save the life of an individual well-defined, often by a child.
criteria which exclude from the bone marrow donation are the same as those used for blood donation and transfusion are those set out by the Italian law n. 219, 21 October 2005 and the related decrees and update: "The main reason why people should not donate blood, which put at risk the health of the recipient, as the case of those who have high-risk sexual behavior transmission of infectious diseases or are suffering from infections with HIV / AIDS and / or epatite o sono tossicodipendenti o fanno uso di sostanze stupefacenti". (Estratto dal Decreto riguardante i protocolli per l'accertamento dell'idoneità del donatore di sangue e di emocomponenti emanato dal Ministero della Sanità il 3 marzo 2005).
A che cosa è sottoposto il donatore che viene trovato “compatibile” con un paziente?
Il prelievo delle cellule staminali emopoietiche può avvenire secondo due diverse modalità. La scelta dipende dalle indicazioni del trapiantologo, in base alle necessità del paziente e dalla disponibilità del donatore alla tipologia richiesta.
La prima modalità di donazione è quella più “antica”, for instance by removal of bone marrow (marrow HSC) from the posterior iliac crest and requires the hospitalization of the volunteer. The levy is the nearest authorized in general or epidural anesthesia, with a speech lasting an average of about 45 minutes. The procedure involves minimal risks related to anesthesia and collection procedures.
The amount of bone marrow that is collected by puncture of the pelvis (0.7 to 1 liter) varies depending on the weight of the donor and recipient share required for the ideal. After collection, the donor is usually kept under control for 48 hours before being released and advised that a precautionary rest period of 4-5 days. The collected bone marrow is reconstituted spontaneously in 7-10 days. The donor usually feels only a slight pain in the area of \u200b\u200bcollection, destined to disappear in a few days. Will still be contacted up to a year after the donation to check his state of health.
The second mode is the donation of HSC with the extraction from peripheral blood after stimulation with hematopoietic growth factors.
In recent years, with the advent of new transplant protocols avail themselves of the use of HSCs from peripheral blood after stimulation with growth factors, there was an increase in demand for this donation. In Italy it is feasible, even in the first donation, since January 2005.
donation in this case involves the administration of a drug in the 3-4 days prior to collection. The drug is a "growth factor" that has the ability to speed the growth of stem cells and facilitate their transition from bone to the peripheral blood, it is administered by subcutaneous injection. The collection of HSC occurs in apheresis, using cell separators: the blood, taken from one arm, through a sterile, closed system goes into a centrifuge where the cellular component useful for transplantation is isolated and collected in a bag, while the rest of the blood is reinfused the opposite arm.
For this reason, all remaining valid contraindications to donation già previste per la donazione di CSE midollari, non sono considerati idonei per questa modalità coloro che hanno un accesso venoso difficoltoso.
I disturbi che più comunemente si possono avvertire sono: febbricola, cefalea, dolori ossei causati dalla stimolazione dell'attività del midollo osseo, senso di affaticamento. Essendo legati alla somministrazione del farmaco, essi scompaiono rapidamente alla sospensione del trattamento farmacologico. Nel mondo già diverse migliaia di donatori hanno donato CSE sottoponendosi a tale modalità e non sono state registrate problematiche legate all'assunzione del farmaco che non abbiano potuto essere risolte.
Il donatore sottoposto a tale donazione viene seguito e sottoposto to check-ups during the 30 days following the donation, to avoid any possible and at the time unknown, accordingly. In addition you will be contacted by up to 10 years collecting donations for any reports.
With both modes of collection of the donor hematopoietic stem cells does not, therefore, no impairment.
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