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April 24, 2010 Donare fa bene al cuore: le risposte della scienza

The recent law 219/2005 (paragraph 2 of Article 2) defines "voluntary, regular, responsible, free and anonymous" donation of human blood and blood components . The number of adjectives could go on, but still they would serve only to describe the characteristics of the donation depending on the recipient. No appeal would, in fact, adequate enough to describe the value (and moral) that holds blood donation and its benefits for the same donor, because up to now has not been properly placed in evidence the correlation between clinical periodic donation of blood and reducing the risk of serious chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and insulin-dependent diabetes type.

Clinical trials on donors

In fact, there are a number of clinical trials that demonstrate the actual reduction of risk to contracting a cardiovascular disease in people who perform at least one donation a year. The protection against these diseases would result from reduced tissue levels of ferritin, iron, and then, which are the result of regular blood donation. It is known fact that dall'aterosclerosi females than males are protected, by virtue of the lowest levels of tissue iron and thus lower levels of lipid peroxidation. The voluntary blood donation and menstruation in women cause blood loss, and then modulate the body's iron stores. The low tissue levels of iron to protect against atherosclerosis due to a reduced oxidation of low density lipoprotein associated cholesterol.

Grande accused: iron

From biochemical point of view, it seems that the depletion (loss reduction) of iron can alter the activity of iron-dependent enzymes, increase the antioxidant capacity of plasma lipid peroxidation and decrease of plasma components and vascular walls. In support of the argument that the reduction of risk factors is associated with low levels of iron in the blood, experimental studies, clinical and epidemiological studies show that high levels of iron increase the risk of coronary events and atherosclerotic progression. For example, experiments on animals have shown a correlation between accumulation of iron from the diet and incidence of atherosclerotic processes and ischemic cardiac disease and stroke. Some studies show that regularly donate blood drastically reduce risk of heart attack and propensity to diabetes. In humans, iron is a pro-oxidant factor that may be related to progression of atherosclerosis. E 'has been suggested that the reduction of iron stores (as occurs in regular donors) can reduce the risk of coronary ischemia. Clinical studies on this subject are not numerous, but those most relevant to confirm the hypothesis above. One of these, for example, has assessed the effects of periodic donation on iron stores and physiological and biochemical parameters of vascular function associated with atherosclerosis. The subjects recruited, members of the American Red Cross, have been subjected to investigations on the dilation of the brachial artery, plasma parameters related to deposits di ferro, ad un eventuale stato infiammatorio dei vasi, al cosiddetto “stress ossidativo”, ai fattori di rischio cardiaci. I livelli di ferritina erano significativamente più bassi nei donatori abituali rispetto a quelli dei soggetti che avevano eseguito solo donazioni di sangue episodiche. Il valore di ematocrito, tuttavia, non era differente nei due gruppi. La dilatazione dell'arteria brachiale, indotta dal flusso ematico, era maggiore nei donatori abituali rispetto ai donatori occasionali. Inoltre, i livelli di 3-nitrotirosina (parametro dello “stress ossidativo”) erano ridotti nei donatori di sangue periodici. In conclusione, un'alta frequenza di donazioni di sangue determina una riduzione dei depositi di ferro e dei parametri oxidative stress, increasing arterial blood flow. This suggests a positive relationship between frequency of blood donations and prevention of cardiovascular disease.

Donors periodicals: -86% risk of heart attack

Another study evaluated, more specifically, the relationship between frequency of blood donation and incidence of myocardial infarction on 2682 subjects . In the observation period, lasting about six years, it was noted that the risk of acute myocardial infarction in the regular donors was 86% lower than that of episodic donors. Factors such as medical history, general health status, lifestyle and psycho-social characteristics exert a little influence on this phenomenon.


also less exposed to the "type 2 diabetes, noninsulin dependent

Epidemiologists have long noted that the periodic donation of blood is associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes (insulin-dependent ). Some studies, for example, investigated the correlation between iron stores and insulin sensitivity in blood donors and people who have never donated blood. In a study of 181 male individuals, it was shown that donors who had donated blood at least two runs, had a greater sensitivity and a reduction in insulin secretion, compared to individuals not donors. The usual donation of blood is then bound together with an increase in insulin sensitivity and reduction of iron deposits. These deposits appear to affect the action of insulin in healthy subjects, and not only in individuals with diseases classically related to an accumulation of iron such as hemochromatosis and hemosiderosis. Among other things, clinical This evidence requires a review of the scientific community to the concept of "excess" applicable to deposits of iron in healthy subjects. These data suggest, therefore, that the periodic donation of blood can exert a protective action nei confronti di patologie croniche molto gravi.